翻供对策研究

翻供就是犯罪嫌疑人、被告人在刑事诉讼中,完全或部分推翻原来在讯问中所作的供述。作者认为导致翻供的产生主要有两方面原因：一是口供的价值使然,二是讯与供的矛盾使然。而要避免翻供,应坚持在人权保护维度下获取口供,具体表现在两方面,一方面是在人权保护维度下获取口供应遵循的一些基本原则,另一方面是在人权保护维度下获取口供的若干程序性保障。相信随着侵犯犯罪嫌疑人人权现象逐渐减少,翻供问题也将迎仞而解。     

War Chests as Precautionary Savings

I present a model of campaign spending and saving in repeated elections which yields empirical implications on the creation of war chests. As previous studies disagree whether war chests deter potential challengers from running against incumbents, I present an alternative model that intentionally excludes deterrence as a motivation and formalizes under what circumstances (if any) a war chest would be created for savings. The model predicts that an incumbent creates a war chest when she faces a weaker challenger, i.e. as precautionary savings for future elections. The model yields several other predictions of incumbent fund-raising, spending, and saving behavior. Using incumbents from 1982–1998 U.S. House elections, I find strong empirical support for the predictions of the model.     

Fiji Economy: Muddling Through

Abstract

Twenty-five years since the first military coup in 1987, Fiji continues to muddle through both politically and economically. The promise of a general election under a race-free constitution remains the fervent hope of all citizens. Economically the country continues to slide downwards, reflected in poor economic growth in 2010 and 2011. A poor level of private sector investment remains a feature of the macroeconomic picture, and it is unlikely to change for the foreseeable future. This article provides an overview of the Fiji economy and reflections on future prospects.     

刑事诉讼实践中的若干问题研究

刑事诉讼实践中存在着一些问题,如法院将作出对被告人有利的无罪判决时,检察院以“事实、证据有变化为由”,申请撤诉,从而严重侵害了被告人的人权；无罪案件中的非法证据问题；法院是否可以变更起诉罪名和事实宣告被告人无罪；法院在宣告被告人无罪前,检察院申请撤回起诉等等。研究这些问题,对促进和完善刑事诉讼程序具有一定的实践和理论意义。     

物证中心理痕迹的提取

心理痕迹是指通过犯罪分子在实施犯罪过程中遗留在犯罪现场上的有形物质痕迹表现出来的、能够直接或间接地反映犯罪活动各方面情况的各种现象。有效运用心理学的理论和方法，从犯罪现场遗留的各种物证、犯罪现场的物品损失情况、犯罪现场遗留的犯罪者人体行为痕迹、犯罪现场的工具痕迹、犯罪现场的伪装状况等物证中提取心理痕迹入手，找出犯罪行为人的犯罪动机和目的、气质特点、性格特点、兴趣爱好、职业特点和职业技能、犯罪经验及经历等，可帮助刑侦工作者重构犯罪现场，提高案件侦破效率。     

虚开增值税发票犯罪是否属于目的犯问题研究

虚开增值税发票犯罪已在1997年颁布的《刑法》中有了明文规定，但司法争议却仍然时常出现。其中争议较大的是对本罪主观方面的认定。因该问题将直接影响此类虚开行为的罪与非罪的界定，故解决好主观问题可谓意义重大。本文将结合法律解释，对该罪进行分析，通过引入目的犯为解决司法争议带来积极意义。     

To depend on one's children or to depend on oneself: savings for old-age and children's impact on wealth

How did workers make provisions for old age before the introduction of old age pensions? What was the relative importance of dependence on children and saving for old age respectively? This article concerns the transition from a traditional family-based system for economic support in old age to a more modern system. Regarding the nineteenth century, studies have shown that (a) savings generally were insufficient for full retirement, and that (b) families were dependent on children's incomes when the breadwinner became older. Little attention has been paid to the question of how the relative importance of these two alternatives changed during the century. This question is addressed here in a cross-sectional study of net wealth based on probate inventories for three Swedish towns in the 1820s and the 1900s.

The results show that in general the economic importance of children was larger among the lower socio-economic strata. They also reveal that net costs for having children increased between the investigated periods. This means that dependence on children became more expensive. Consequently, the economic importance of this alternative decreased. This may have been a strong motive for the fertility transition.

On the other hand, net wealth for workers increased at the end of the nineteenth century. Financial assets constituted a great part of the increase. Workers with children had less financial savings than those without children, showing that there was a conflict between the traditional and the modern systems for support in old age. However, still at the turn of the twentieth century funds were generally too small to allow an old worker to retire. These results indicate that neither the old, nor the modern systems, fully satisfied the need for support in old age. This may explain why several Western European countries introduced old age pensions at the beginning of the twentieth century.     

China Accelerates Transformation of Its Economic Development Model

正SINGAPORE,China’s Hong Kong,China’s Taiwan and South Korea all achieved miraculous economic development as early as the 1970s.These so-called"Four Little Dragons"rapidly became high-income economies with signifi cantly improved living standards.Since the 1990s,however,Asian developing countries such as China have experienced faster,more conspicuous economic growth than any other region in the world.     

论虚开增值税专用发票犯罪案件的证据规格

在涉税犯罪案件侦查中强调证据规格,有利于反腐倡廉,打击经济犯罪活动的开展,有利于提高民警业务素质和整体执法水平。虚开增值税专用发票犯罪案件的证据规格包括主体方面的证据、主观方面的证据、虚开方面的证据、接受虚开方面的证据以及其他方面的证据。     

中美贸易战评析与展望

中美关系、中美贸易战是中国崛起进程中不可逃避的一道坎，只要策略运用得当，在保持和增 强内部凝聚力、动员能力的基础上，以应对挑战为切入点推动自身改革，不断提高效率，敏锐识别、抓住危中之机， 中国就能经受住考验，保持、甚至增强国运上升势头。